Affin va ortogonal almashtirishlar Kirish ..................................................................................................................2 1-§. Affin almashtirishlarning ta’rifi va xossalari................................................4 2-§. Affin almashtirishlar gruppasi va uning qism gruppalari……………......6 3-§.Tekislikda аffin va dekart koordinatalar sistemasini almashtirish..................7 4-§. Ortogonal proyeksiyalarni qayta tuzish usullari...........................................12 5-§. Proyeksiyalar tekisliklarini almashtirish usuli..............................................15 6-§.Proyeksiyalar tekisliklarining bittasini almashtirish......................................17 7-§.Proyeksiyalar tekisliklarini ketma-ket ikki marta almashtirish……………..19 Xulosa....................................................................................................................22 Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar.....................................................................................23